Wednesday, October 4, 2023

Jesus: Bread of Heaven, Bread of Life; John 6:25-60

 

Long before the Last Supper, Jesus associated Himself with bread.  In John 6, He declares Himself as the “Bread of Heaven” and the “Bread of Life”, words which we associate with Communion.  These are part of the “I Am” statements of Jesus.  Jesus has already introduced Himself as the “I Am” to the woman at the well.  He did not tell her that He was the Living Water, only that He is the source of living water.  No, His self-introduction to her was simply, “I Am” after she said, “I know that Messiah is coming who will teach us all things.”  Jesus identified Himself as Messiah and God.  This treatise about bread by Jesus takes place after the feeding of the 5000+ people.  A group went the next day looking for Jesus and couldn’t find Him, but eventually caught up with Him in Capernaum.  It may have taken a day or so to make that trip by foot. They want to see what Jesus can do next, but Jesus shows them that what they need is Him, not simply what He can do or even what He teaches.  On this World Communion Sunday, when we come to the table, we acknowledge our need for Jesus Himself.

            Jesus is the gift of life and sustenance.  Jesus gives living water, but He is the Bread of Heaven and the Bread of Life.  The living water probably and rightly reminds many of us what Jesus does for us in baptism.  In the picture of water, Jesus emphasizes the joy that comes from life.  But in Communion, we do not eat bread with water, but with the fruit of the vine.  Though Jesus calls Himself the True Vine, He does not call Himself the fruit of the vine.  Rather we are to bear the fruit as we are connected to Him.  At the Last Supper, Jesus tells us that the cup symbolizes the new covenant sealed by His blood.  Though I won’t focus too much on the cup in this message this morning, both the bread and cup remind us that Jesus is God giving Himself to us that we might have life. 

The crowd following Jesus was looking for what they could get out of Him.  They were not looking for Him.  Jesus says, “You seek Me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled.”  Furthermore, we know this because many of them quit following Him after this speech.  Some wanted to kill Him.  Even His disciples said, “This is a hard saying.”  How many of you have been in a relationship with someone who was only out to use you?  Maybe someone you thought was a friend, maybe a family member, maybe someone you were genuinely trying to help, maybe someone you dated?  How did it make you feel about yourself and about that person?  Did it affect your relationships with other people?  No one likes being used, including Jesus.  Are you chasing Jesus because of what you can get from Him or are you pursuing Jesus for Himself, for what He willingly offers to you and wants you to have? 

When the crowd hears Jesus tells them they should desire the food that gives eternal life, not food that perishes, they ask, “What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?”  In other words, what must we do so that we can get this bread from heaven which gives eternal life?  The answer is simple yet profound.  “Believe in God and the One whom He has sent.”  Believe, as Ernst Haenchen puts it, “that Jesus is the One sent from God, and in Him God is represented and made presence.” There is only one work that we must do—believe in Jesus.  Believe in who is He—that He is God, that eternal life is found in Him, that He is Life.  Unlike the woman at the well who responds quickly upon hearing Jesus say, “I am”, even running back to her village to tell others about the Messiah, this crowd is slow to respond.  Instead of faith, they ask for another sign, another sign having to do with physical food—like the manna that fell from heaven in the Old Testament.  You see, this crowd knew the story from the Midrash that in the last days, manna from heaven would again fall, but they make some mistakes.  First, they attribute the giving of manna to Moses instead of to God the Father.  Jesus corrects them and goes on to say that the Father gives the true bread from heaven.  Now they decide it is something they want, so they ask Jesus to give it.  This is their second misunderstanding.  The Bread is Jesus.  He is the gift.  He is eternal life.  Jesus affirms the prophecy, but lets them know that it is fulfilled in Him.  He is the manna.  He is the bread of heaven, sent by God the Father in the last days.  How much does Jesus have to prove Himself to you before you believe Him?  Do you want Jesus always, or only when you are desperate or it serves your convenience or your purposes?  Jesus is the gift!  Jesus promises not to cast out anyone who comes to Him.  Like last week, we hear Jesus promising resurrection and putting Himself at the center of it.  Jesus affirms life and life to come. 

Early Christians were accused of cannibalism because of the Last Supper.  The recitation of Jesus’s words, “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink of His blood, you will not have life within you,” caused outsiders to believe that some kind of human sacrifice was happening.  Even the Jews who heard Jesus say these words were confused by them.  They didn’t know how they could possibly do this.  In fact, it was especially offensive when Jesus said that we must drink His blood.  Eating and drinking blood was forbidden by the Mosaic law as recorded in Deuteronomy 12:23, “for the life is in the blood.”  Even in the Book of Acts, as recorded in Acts 15, the prohibition against blood was one of three laws that was passed on to the Gentile believers.  The life is in the blood.  Jesus’s blood had to be shed for us to give us life. 

Today’s passage is the key passage on which Catholics base the doctrine of Transubstantiation, that in the mass when the words of institution are given, the bread, which is called the Host, actually becomes the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ.  They take the words that Jesus says in this passage literally.  They do not take all of Jesus’s other I Am sayings as literally as this one, such as “The True Vine,” “The Good Shepherd,” “The Door of the Sheep”.  However, the doctrine of Transubstantiation is quite ancient.  One of the earliest clear teachers of this doctrine was Justin Martyr who died in 165 AD.  As Reformed Protestants, we too believe that Jesus is the Host at the Communion meal, but we generally do not call the bread the Host.  Our Host remains unseen by our physical eyes, but He is still present.  We believe that Jesus feeds us with Himself without the bread literally becoming the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ.  We believe the bread and cup are representative of Jesus’s real presence with us and that this sacrament is more than just a memorial ordinance.  We affirm that in this meal, the power of Christ is transferred to us.  That being said, we welcome all baptized believers to the table because we believe in the one body of Christ, and the one holy, catholic, and apostolic Church, and because the table does not belong to Trinity Presbyterian Church, but to Jesus Christ, who invites His own to come. 

So how do we eat Jesus’s flesh if we do not believe the bread and cup literally become His body, blood, soul and divinity?  How do we eat Jesus’s flesh and drink His blood if not literally?  First, Jesus says it starts with God the Father.  We can’t even begin to do this if God hasn’t drawn us to Jesus first.  Second, most of us do not eat things while they are still alive.  Even if you eat something raw, you want it dead first.  Once again, we see Jesus referring to His sacrificial death.  In verse 51, He says, “And the bread also which I shall give for the life of the world is My flesh.”  German theologian A. Schlatter taught. “What we have to do with His flesh and blood is not chew and swallow, but that we recognize in His crucified body and poured out blood the ground of our life, that we hang our faith and hope on that body and blood, and draw from there our thinking and willing.”  We unit our lives to Christ’s; for we have no life without Jesus.  Friends, to eat and drink of Jesus is to depend on Jesus for your very life.  And it is to do the will of Jesus.  When the disciples came back with lunch for Jesus and saw Him at the well with the woman running away, they wondered if He had eaten, but He replied, “My food is to do the will of the One who sent Me.”  In John 6:38, Jesus affirms, “For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.”  As Jesus did the will of the Father, He was satisfied and lacked nothing.  In verses 56-57, Jesus says, The one who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me and I in Him.  As the living Father sent e, and I live because of the Father, so the one who eats Me will also live because of Me.  St. Ignatius of Antioch equated eating Jesus’s flesh and drinking His blood to being united with Him through martyrdom.  St. Ignatius was bishop of the church in which the apostle Paul was discipled, not during Paul’s time, but shortly after as He was martyred in 110 AD.  Knowing he was going to be executed, St. Ignatius wrote to the Roman church: 

 

I have no delight in corruptible food, nor in the pleasures of this life. I desire the bread of God, the heavenly bread, the bread of life, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who became afterwards of the seed of David and Abraham; and I desire the drink of God, namely His blood, which is incorruptible love and eternal life.

 

In these last days of his life, St. Ignatius declared that Jesus was everything to Him.  He needed nothing but Jesus nor was there anything that mattered but Jesus.  To do Jesus’s will is enough.  Follow Jesus.  Finish His work of being and making disciples.  Embrace the way of the cross for the promise is eternal life and resurrection!  May Jesus be everything to you. 

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